Configuring a Google Sheet as a datasource using API key authentication
Unlike the OAuth2 authentication (see here), this approach requires the spreadsheet to be publicly exposed.
Prerequisites
Have a Jira Cloud instance
Have Elements Connect installed on your instance
Have a Google Sheet
Configuration steps
Google API configuration
Elements Connect configuration
1. Google API configuration
Set up a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) project
Go to the Google Cloud Console: https://console.cloud.google.com/
Create a new project or select an existing one:

Enable the Google Sheets API
Go to your new project
Go to "APIs and services"
Go to "Library"
Search for "Google Sheets API" and enable it:

Create API Key
Still in your project, go back to "APIs and services"
Go to "Credentials"
Click on "Create credentials" and select "API key".
Copy the generated API key:

Configure API restrictions (optional)
For security and privacy reasons, you can edit your new API KEY and perform the following actions:
IP addresses restrictions:
Set application restriction to "IP addresses"
Add the IP addresses mentioned here:

Key restrictions:
Set "API restrictions" to "Restrict key"
Select the "Google Sheets API":

Make the Sheet public
With this approach, the Google Sheet needs to be publicly accessible, as shown below:

2. Elements Connect configuration
Datasource configuration
Go to the Elements Connect administration menu
Go to the Datasources tab
Create a new REST API datasource and configure it as follows:
API Base URL:
CODEhttps://sheets.googleapis.com/v4/spreadsheets/{SPREADSHEET_ID}
Please refer to the bottom of this page for instructions on how to retrieve {SPREADSHEET_ID}Authentication:
Mode: API Key
Send in: Query parameter
Parameter name:
CODEkeyAPI Key: the API key you generated earlier in Google.
Then, click "Save" and "Test Connection":

Endpoint for the Connected field configuration
When setting up your Connected field, you need to complete the Base URL by adding the following in the Path section:
/values/{SHEET_NAME}
Replace {SHEET_NAME} with the name of the sheet you want to access. Instructions on how to retrieve it are available at the bottom of this page.
For example:

How to retrieve {SPREADSHEET_ID} and {SHEET_NAME}
{SPREADSHEET_ID}corresponds to the long string of characters in your Spreadsheet’s URL:
{SHEET_NAME}is the name of the sheet you want to reach in your Spreadsheet:
For example, in this case, the URL to use in Elements Connect would be: https://sheets.googleapis.com/v4/spreadsheets/1WSFLmwiEDH0LjPtpdnjSncyo4n1uj3I9or5qcvpJ7dQ/values/Sheet1